Shaiva temple at Sibsagar near the Brahmaputra River, Assam, India. 9. Brahmaputra River. Since the late 19th century a vast number of immigrants from the Bengal Plain of Bangladesh have entered Assam, where they have settled to cultivate vacant lands, particularly the low floodplains. Forests of sal (genus Shorea)—a valuable timber tree that is also utilized to cultivate the lac insect, which produces the resin used to make shellac—are found in Assam. It is the 9th largest river in the world by discharge, and the 15th longest. This has led to the widespread belief that … The length of this river is approximately 2900 kilometres. Tibetan winters are severely cold, with average temperatures below 32 °F (0 °C), while summers are mild and sunny. 8) The length of Brahmaputra River is 2900 km and its coverage area is 34,160 sq. In Tibet the Tsangpo receives a number of tributaries. It stands sixth among the longest rivers in India due to its short running course through the plains of India. Along the lower courses of the Ganges and Brahmaputra and along the Meghna, the land undergoes constant erosion and deposition of silt because of the shifts and changes in these active rivers. In Assam the deep channel of the Brahmaputra follows the southern bank closer than the northern. Although the main river does not flow through the kingdom of Bhutan,96% of Bhutan’s area falls under this basin. The Brahmaputra River System (3848 km) is one of the longest rivers of the world. The catchment area of the river falls in four countries. The Brahmaputra , called Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, Siang/Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh and Luit, Dilao in Assam, is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet, India and Bangladesh. Spiritual & Cultural Significance The Brahmaputra basin is dotted with a number of ancient temples as well as other sacred artifacts. What is length of Brahmaputra river It turns into the south and creates a deep gorge through the Himalayas near Namcha Barwa and enters India under the name of the Dihang. Massive flooding causes huge losses to crops, life, and property. The course of the Brahmaputra has changed continually over time. Left Bank Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River Barak is the second largest river system in the North East India as well as in Assam. km. km. 7) Brahmaputra River joins River Ganga and falls into the Bay of Bengal forming a large delta. The Jamuna joins with the Ganges north of Goalundo Ghat, below which, as the Padma, their combined waters flow to the southeast for a distance of about 75 miles (120 km). The overall length of the Brahmaputra River is approximately 1,800 miles (2,900 km). The Meghna forms the eastern limit of the Sundarbans, a vast tract of forest and saltwater swamp that constitutes much of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. The most spectacular of these changes was the eastward diversion of the Tista River and the ensuing development of the new channel of the Jamuna, which occurred in 1787 with an exceptionally high flood in the Tista. Satellite image of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta cyclone, November 12, 1970. The ancestry of the Assamese includes peoples speaking Tibeto-Burman languages from the surrounding highlands and peoples from the lowlands of India to the south and west. It is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, the Brahmaputra, Lohit, Siang, and Dihang in … During the monsoon season, floods seem to be a widespread occurrence in the geographical area of Brahmaputra River. The Brahmaputra River originates in the north from Kailash ranges of Himalayas at an elevation of 5,150 m just south of the lake called Konggyu Tsho and flows for about a total length of 2,900 km. The three headstreams that arise there are the Kubi, the Angsi, and the Chemayungdung. The Assamese language is akin to Bengali, which is spoken in West Bengal state in India and in Bangladesh. Brahmaputra . As the river descends from Tibet, increased precipitation supports the growth of forests. On the right bank a second river called the Nyang Qu (Nyang Chu) meets the Tsangpo at Xigazê. Navigating Sky River: China Tibet – India – BangladeshCrew of the Ganges Expedition 2009 . The hilly margins of the plain are inhabited by the tribal Garo, Khasi, and Hajong of Meghalaya state in India. (South of Gaibanda, the Old Brahmaputra leaves the left bank of the main stream and flows past Jamalpur and Mymensingh to join the Meghna River at Bhairab Bazar.) The upper river valley lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, and precipitation there is relatively light: Lhasa receives about 16 inches (400 mm) annually. This Tsangpo River is taking the name Brahmaputra in Assam through associating with different rivers at different places in different countries. Shoals in the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) River, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The chars are valuable to the economy of Bangladesh as additional cultivable areas. Corrections? Till India became independent in 1947, the Brahmaputra River was utilized as an important shipping canal. Length : Brahmaputra River is 3848 kilometer long. These areready-to-use Brahmaputra River worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about the Brahmaputra which is one of the major rivers in Asia, running Brahmaputra river originates from the Tibetan area of China; flows through China, Bangladesh, and India; and ultimately joins the Bay of Bengal. Just west of the town of Sadiya, the river again turns to the southwest and is joined by two mountain streams, the Lohit and the Dibang. Botly depth is taken from dorsal tin origin to pelvic lin insertion. Precipitation is relatively heavy, and humidity is high throughout the year. In the 1990s, the length amid Dhubri and Sadiya in India was proclaimed as National Waterway No.2, and it offers facilities for freight carriage; It also has potential for hydroelectric power generation. From its source the river runs for nearly 700 miles (1,100 km) in a generally easterly direction between the Great Himalayas range to the south and the Kailas Range to the north. This is also Asia’s 2nd longest rail-cum-road bridge, longest combined rail and road bridge in India and second longest bridge in Assam after Bhupen Hazarika Setu. The river with a total length of 900 km from source to mouth drains an area of 52,000 sq. A drop of about 4800 M is achieved in a length at about 1700 Km in China (Tibet). Brahmaputra originates from the Kailash Ranges of Himalayas and its length is 2900 km. In the 21st century the delta has also been affected by rising sea levels as a result of global warming. Brahmaputra River, Bengali Jamuna, Tibetan Tsangpo, Chinese (Pinyin) Yarlung Zangbo Jiang or (Wade-Giles romanization) Ya-lu-tsang-pu Chiang, major river of Central and South Asia. Extensive flood plains and fresh alluvial deposits are associated with the river. The Brahmaputra’s source is the Chemayungdung Glacier, which covers the slopes of the Himalayas about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Lake Mapam in southwestern Tibet. Brahmaputra River is world’s fourth largest river in terms of discharge at the opening and is second only to China’s Yellow River in terms of sediment that is transported per unit area of drainage. At that time a minor stream called the Konai-Jenai—probably a spill channel of the Old Brahmaputra—followed the course of today’s Jamuna River (now the main Brahmaputra channel). Tsangpo or the BrahmaputraRiver flows 1625 km in Tibet parallel to the main range of Himalayas before entering India through Arunachal Pradesh. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. For most of its length, the river serves as an important inland waterway. Islands and sizable newly deposited lands (chars) in the river appear and disappear seasonally. Of Brahmaputra’s total length of 2,880 kilometre, nearly two thirds or about 1,625 kilometre lies on the Tibetan Plateau. but, in India It has 725 kilometer long. The Nyang Qu (Gyamda) River joins the river from the north at Zela (Tsela Dzong). Predo~.sal length extends fiwm tip of snout to base of first unbranched I-ay at fin origin. It is not, however, navigable between the mountains of Tibet and the plains of India. Extensive flooding is virtually an annual occurrence in the Brahmaputra valley during the summer monsoon. The most important left-bank tributaries are the Raka Zangbo (Raka Tsangpo), which joins the river west of Xigazê (Shigatse), and the Lhasa (Kyi), which flows past the Tibetan capital of Lhasa and joins the Tsangpo at Qüxü. Along its course the Brahmaputra passes through the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and Bangladesh. Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) River flowing through the Himalayas in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Nipa palms (Nypa fruticans) and other halophytic (salt-tolerant) flora predominate in the delta region’s mangrove swamps. In India and traverses a distance of 532 km up to the Indo-Bangla border. https://www.britannica.com/place/Brahmaputra-River, International Rivers - Brahmaputra/Yarlung Tsangpo, Brahmaputra River - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), drainage network of the Brahmaputra and Ganges river. identified as B. tengana from the Brahmaputra River drainage and can be distinguished from congeners in having a combination of five to six vertical dark brown bars on a light brown body, dorsal-spine length 13 6–16 8% standard length (L S), pectoral-spine length 12 7–14 3% L S, and eye diameter 16 5–18 8% head length (L H). Below that confluence, about 900 miles (1,450 km) from the Bay of Bengal, the river becomes known conventionally as the Brahmaputra (“Son of Brahma”). The total length of the river is 376 km, flows through Bhutan for 272 km and then through Assam for 104 km before it joins the mighty Brahmaputra River at Jogighopa The river valley has two major reserve forest areas, namely the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan and the contiguous Manas Wildlife Sanctuary. Bamboo thickets abound throughout Assam and Bangladesh. The Brahmaputra, like the Indus, has its source in a trans-Himalayan area about 60 miles (100 km) southeast of Mapam Lake in the… The river slope is very steep till it enters India. Brahmaputra’s total length is 2900 Square Kilometers. The shifts in the course of the Jamuna since 1787 have been considerable, and the river is never in exactly the same place for two successive years. Professor of Geography, University of Dacca, Bangladesh. Brahmaputra River has a total length of about 3,848 km (2,390 mi). An approximate of 5, 80,000 km is the total international area drained by the river. The most-notable animal of the swamps in Assam is the one-horned rhinoceros, which has become extinct in other parts of the world; Kaziranga National Park (designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985) provides a refuge for the rhinoceros and for other wildlife in the valley, including elephants, Bengal tigers, leopards, wild buffalo, and deer. The waters of the Tista suddenly were diverted eastward into an old abandoned course, causing the river to join the Brahmaputra opposite Bahadurabad Ghat in Mymensingh district. Course of the Brahmaputra river In Tibet, it runs parallel to the Himalayas for about 1,200 km. Brahmaputra River, major river of Central and South Asia. The Brahmaputra is the longest river in India which is known by different names based on the regions, it flows through. After several smaller channels branch off to feed the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta to the south, the main body of the Padma reaches its confluence with the Meghna River near Chandpur and then enters the Bay of Bengal through the Meghna estuary and lesser channels flowing through the delta. Along the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra (Tsangpo) on the high Plateau of Tibet, the vegetation is mainly xerophytic (drought-resistant) shrubs and grasses. Before its confluence with the Ganges, the Jamuna receives the combined waters of the Baral, Atrai, and Hurasagar rivers on its right bank and becomes the point of departure of the large Dhaleswari River on its left bank. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Head length is measured from snout tip to … Another important feature of the river is its tendency to flood. The rivers’ combined suspended sediment load of about 1.84 billion tons per year is the world’s highest. The Brahmaputra river basin consists of various small rivers and it is so large that it spreads over Tibet, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. The Brahmaputra River geologically is the youngest among the major rivers in the world yet it is known as a moving ocean. The Indian and Bangladeshi parts of the valley are governed by the monsoon (wet, dry) climate, though it is somewhat modified there compared with other parts of the subcontinent; the hot season is shorter than usual, and the average annual temperature ranges from 79 °F (26 °C) in Dhuburi, Assam, to 85 °F (29 °C) in Dhaka. The river Brahmaputra is one of the largest rivers in the world. Whereas the length of river Ganges is 2,525 km, so in the case of river Ganges, the river is smaller than the Indus River and the Brahmaputra River. As soon as the river enters Assam, however, the silt load becomes heavy. With a total length of 2,900 km the Brahmaputra is one of the longest rivers of the world and passes through Tibet, India and Bangladesh. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. They engage in animal husbandry and cultivate the valley with irrigation water taken from the river. The Ganges-Brahmaputra system has the third greatest average discharge of the world’s rivers—roughly 1,086,500 cubic feet (30,770 cubic metres) per second; approximately 700,000 cubic feet (19,800 cubic metres) per second of the total is supplied by the Brahmaputra alone. Caudal peduncle length is the distance fi-om anal fin insertion to poster-ior eclge of' iu-ocentrum. The Brahmaputra is a 2,390-mile long river that flows within the boundaries of three countries in Asia: China (Tibet), India, and Bangladesh. Along its course the Brahmaputra passes The climate of the Brahmaputra valley varies from the harsh, cold, and dry conditions found in Tibet to the generally hot and humid conditions prevailing in Assam state and in Bangladesh. But if we consider the total distance covered by a river in India, then the Ganges is the longest river in India. In Assam the river is mighty, even in the dry season, and during the rains its banks are more than 5 miles (8 km) apart. The annual rainfall—between 70 and 150 inches (1,780 and 3,810 mm)—falls mostly between June and early October; however, light rains also fall from March to May. ... almost through all of its length in Assam. To the other word, Brahmaputra River is one of the longest River in Asia. One such storm—the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta cyclone (also called the Bhola cyclone) of November 1970—caused an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 deaths and inundated a vast area. Stupa on the bank of the Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) River, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. This average slope of about 2.82 m/Km gets reduced to about 0.1m/Km in Assam valley. Out of its total length of 2,880 km the Brahmaputra covers a major part of its journey in Tibet as Tsangpo. The overall length of the Brahmaputra River is approximately 1,800 miles (2,900 km). The Brahmaputra and Ganges river basins and their drainage network. It … Southwest Tibet in the Himalayas is the source of Brahmaputra Waterways. In the Bengal Plain itself the river flows through an area that is densely populated by the Bengali people, who cultivate the fertile valley. In addition, tidal surges accompanying tropical cyclones sweeping inland from the Bay of Bengal periodically bring great destruction to the delta region. River Brahmaputra basin in India spreads over various States which consists of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, west bengal, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim. Until the late 18th century the Brahmaputra flowed past the town of Mymensingh and joined the Meghna River near Bhairab Bazar (the path of the present-day Old Brahmaputra channel). The main tributaries from the hills and from the plateau to the south are the Burhi Dihing, the Disang, the Dikhu, and the Kopili. India: The Ganges-Brahmaputra river system …the total length of the Brahmaputra (about 1,800 miles [2,900 km]) exceeds that of the Ganges, only 450 miles (725 km) of its course lies within India. After the Tista flood of 1787 reinforced it, the Brahmaputra began to cut a new channel along the Konai-Jenai and gradually converted it after 1810 into the main stream, now known as the Jamuna. Because of the speed and volume of water in the northern tributaries that flow down from the rain-soaked Himalayan slopes, their silt load is much heavier than that carried by the tributaries crossing the hard rocks of the old plateau to the south. After flowing past Chilmari, Bangladesh, it is joined on its right bank by the Tista River and then follows a 150-mile (240-km) course due south as the Jamuna River. A tributary of the Dhaleswari, the Buriganga (“Old Ganges”), flows past Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, and joins the Meghna River above Munshiganj. In India, it flows for 916 km. The Brahmaputra enters the plains of Bangladesh after turning south around the Garo Hills below Dhuburi, India. For the people living in Brahmaputra valley, the mighty river is a great gift of nature as the river has been enriching the soil of the valley from the time immemorial through deposition of silt. The Kamakhya temple,Read More In its lower course the river is both a creator and a destroyer—depositing huge quantities of fertile alluvial soil but also causing disastrous and frequent floods. World’s largest river island, Majuli is situated in the Brahmaputra river. This tendency is reinforced by the silt-laden northern tributaries pushing the channel south. The total length of Brahmaputra River is 2906 km and the river drains an area of 580000 sq km. The growth of the delta is dominated by tidal processes. The total length of the river from its source in southwestern Tibet to the mouth in the bay of bengal is about 2,850 km (including Padma and Meghna up to the mouth). Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Recent Disasters Deforestation in the Brahmaputra basin has resulted in increased siltation levels in the river, flash floods and soil erosion. It flows some 1,800 miles (2,900 km) from its source in the Himalayas to its confluence with the Ganges (Ganga) River, after which the mingled waters of the two rivers empty into the Bay of Bengal. In Tibet the waters of the Brahmaputra are clear because little silt is carried downstream. The mighty Brahmaputra River, which is one of the largest rivers in the world, is known by different names based on the region it flows through. The river Brahmaputra travels Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Tista River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River, flowing through the Siwalik Hills, northeastern India. Numerous varieties of fish include the pabda (Omdok pabda), chital (Notopterus chitala), and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus). Within Bangladesh territory, Brahmaputra-Jamuna is 276 km long, of which Brahmaputra is only 69 km. Omissions? Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As the river follows its braided 450-mile (700-km) course through the valley, it receives several rapidly rushing Himalayan streams, including the Subansiri, Kameng, Bhareli, Dhansiri, Manas, Champamati, Saralbhanga, and Sankosh rivers. However Compare Infobase Limited and its directors do not own any responsibility for the correctness or authenticity of the same. Tha maximum east west length area of Brahmaputra river is 1540 km and maximum north south width is 682km. After passing Pi (Pe) in Tibet, the river turns suddenly to the north and northeast and cuts a course through a succession of great narrow gorges between the mountainous massifs of Gyala Peri and Namjagbarwa (Namcha Barwa) in a series of rapids and cascades. The river valley in Assam is enclosed by hill ranges on the north, east, and south and receives more than 100 inches (2,540 mm) of rainfall annually, while in the Bengal Plain heavy rainfall—averaging 70 to 100 inches—is reinforced by the huge discharge of the Tista, Torsa, and Jaldhaka rivers. Disclaimer: All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. The Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River flowing through China, Tibet, India and Bangladesh into the Bay of Bengal is known as one of the highest and most challenging rivers in the world and is also referred to as the “Sky River” or the “Everest of all Rivers”. Throughout its upper course the river is generally known as the Tsangpo (“Purifier”); it is also known by its Chinese name (Yarlung Zangbo) and by other local Tibetan names. Brahmaputra river is used as an essential part of water transport. At even lower elevations, tall reed jungles grow in the swamps and depressed water-filled areas (jheels) of the immense floodplains. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. North of the Great Himalayas, the Tibetans practice Buddhism and speak the Tibetan language. The quantity of water carried by the Brahmaputra in India and Bangladesh is enormous. This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Brahmaputra River across 17 in-depth pages. Author of. Around towns and villages in the Assam Valley, the many fruit trees yield plantains, papayas, mangoes, and jackfruit. The Brahmaputra River has its source in southwest Tibet. The river's name also varies depending on location and the local language. It flows some 1,800 miles (2,900 km) from its source in the Himalayas to its confluence with the Ganges (Ganga) River, after which the mingled waters of the two rivers empty into the Bay of Bengal. Bogibeel Bridge across the Brahmaputra river in Dibrugarh is be the longest road and rail bridge in India. It is a trans-boundary river and one of the most important rivers of India. Vast areas are subject to inundation during the wet monsoon months. The river is a major resource for shipping and water supply. Due to this sudden flattening of river slope, … The Dihang, winding out of the mountains, turns toward the southeast and descends into a low-lying basin as it enters northeastern Assam state. To clarify, Brahmaputra is a Trans-boundary river which flows Through Tibet, India and Bangladesh. The 4.94 kilometres long road cum rail bridge will connect Dhemaji district and Dibrugarh district of Assam. Updates? In Hindi, Brahmaputra, literally means, 'the son of Brahma' who is one of the supreme divinity in Hinduism - Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh; it is also known as Tsangpo (Purifier inTibetan). The people living in the different sections of the Brahmaputra valley are of diverse origin and culture. During that stretch the river enters northern Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern India, where it is known as the Dihang (or Siang) River, and turns more southerly. Thereafter, the river turns south and southwest and flows through a deep gorge (the “Grand Canyon” of the Tsangpo) across the eastern extremity of the Himalayas with canyon walls that extend upward for 16,500 feet (5,000 metres) and more on each side. The Brahmaputra Rivers usually include the Tista, Subansiri, Tsang-Po, and Jamuna (Bangladesh) - which is not the same as Yamuna of India. There is a river named Tsangpo that turns out from the lake of Manasarovar. Is situated in the different brahmaputra river length of the same sediment load of about 4800 M is in! The north at Zela ( Tsela Dzong ) and gain access to exclusive content °C ) chital... Kilometer long India, then the Ganges Expedition 2009 number of ancient temples as well other! ( chars ) in the Himalayas for about 1,200 km an essential part of water transport you to! Elementary and brahmaputra river length school students mild and sunny becomes heavy Bengal forming a large delta by a river Tsangpo! 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